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Lampropeltis getula
No medically significant venom known
Nonvenomous colubrid species native to eastern North America known for glossy black bodies with white or yellow chain-like banding; frequently found near wetlands, woodlands, and agricultural edges. Constrictor that preys on other snakes (including venomous species), rodents, amphibians, and eggs. Not considered a threat to people but should not be handled by untrained individuals.
Sistrurus catenatus
Venomous
Sistrurus catenatus (Eastern Massasauga) is a small, stout-bodied pit viper native to parts of the United States and southern Canada. It is venomous and typically secretive, preferring wet meadows, marsh edges, wet prairies, and adjacent upland habitats. Bites are medically significant and require prompt medical attention. Populations are locally vulnerable or threatened in parts of its range.
Lampropeltis triangulum
No medically significant venom known
Lampropeltis triangulum (Eastern Milksnake) is a nonvenomous colubrid commonly found in eastern North America. It is secretive, primarily nocturnal or crepuscular in warm months, and often associated with human-modified habitats. It preys on small mammals, birds, eggs, amphibians, and other reptiles. Generally not dangerous to people but will flee or vibrate tail and may deliver a mild defensive bite if handled. Not recommended to attempt capture or handling.
Juvenile venomous snakes can deliver medically significant bites, but the common claim that they are automatically more dangerous because they cannot control venom delivery is not supported as a general rule. Adult snakes usually have larger venom glands and can deliver a larger total amount.
Bottom line: Treat every suspected venomous snakebite as a medical emergency, regardless of the snake’s age.
Head shape alone is unreliable. Many nonvenomous snakes flatten or widen the head defensively, and viewing angle can change the apparent shape.
Bottom line: Do not approach a snake to inspect its head. Use multiple traits, location, and a safe-distance photograph.
Tourniquets can worsen tissue injury and are not recommended for typical United States snakebites. Emergency evaluation is more important.
Bottom line: Call 911 or Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222. Keep the person calm and do not cut, suck, ice, or tourniquet the bite.
Young copperheads can have a contrasting yellow or greenish tail tip used in caudal luring. It is soft and tapered, not a segmented rattle. The bright color usually fades with age.
Bottom line: Never move closer to inspect the tail. The feature is a clue, not permission to approach or handle the snake.
Several non-rattlesnake species vibrate their tails when threatened. Dry leaves can make the sound resemble a rattle.
Bottom line: A defensive tail vibration does not identify the species. Keep your distance.